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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">git commit 编写风格模板</h1>
        

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        <p>最近看了Ruan YiFeng写的<a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/01/commit_message_change_log.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Commit message 和 Change log 编写指南</a>。<br>了解了如何写规范的commit message。</p>
<!-- * 目录
{:toc} -->
<h3 id="编写规范"><a href="#编写规范" class="headerlink" title="编写规范"></a>编写规范</h3><p>先简要记录一下编写规范，这部分内容可以直接看Ruan YiFeng的博客，要比我写的详细。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;type&gt;(&lt;scope&gt;): &lt;subject&gt;</div><div class="line">// 空一行</div><div class="line">&lt;body&gt;</div><div class="line">// 空一行</div><div class="line">&lt;footer&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>commit message包含三个部分，header, body和footer，其中header必须有，body和footer可以按情况省略。</p>
<p><strong>type 字段</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>feat：新功能（feature）</li>
<li>fix：修补bug</li>
<li>docs：文档（documentation）</li>
<li>style： 格式（不影响代码运行的变动）</li>
<li>refactor：重构（即不是新增功能，也不是修改bug的代码变动）</li>
<li>test：增加测试</li>
<li>chore：构建过程或辅助工具的变动</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>scope用于说明 commit 影响的范围，比如数据层、控制层、视图层等等，视项目不同而不同。</strong></p>
<p>也就是写用户会感觉到改变在哪个地方。</p>
<p><strong>subject是 commit 目的的简短描述，不超过50个字符</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>以动词开头，使用第一人称现在时，比如change，而不是changed或changes</li>
<li>第一个字母小写</li>
<li>结尾不加句号（.）</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Body 部分是对本次 commit 的详细描述，可以分成多行</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>使用第一人称现在时，比如使用change而不是changed或changes。</li>
<li>应该说明代码变动的动机，以及与以前行为的对比。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Footer</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>如果当前代码与上一个版本不兼容，则 Footer 部分以BREAKING CHANGE开头，后面是对变动的描述、以及变动理由和迁移方法。</li>
<li>关闭 Issue</li>
</ul>
<p>另外，也可以包括JIRA issue references或者其他actions。</p>
<p><q><strong>Revert</strong></q></p>
<p>这是一种特殊情况，为了撤销前面的操作。</p>
<p>如果当前 commit 用于撤销以前的 commit，则必须以revert:开头，后面跟着被撤销 Commit 的 Header。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">revert: feat(pencil): add &apos;graphiteWidth&apos; option</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">This reverts commit 667ecc1654a317a13331b17617d973392f415f02.</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Body部分的格式是固定的，必须写成<code>This reverts commit &amp;lt;hash&gt;.</code>，其中的<code>hash</code>是被撤销 commit 的 <code>SHA 标识符</code>。<br>如果当前 commit 与被撤销的 commit，在同一个发布（release）里面，<br>那么它们都不会出现在 Change log 里面。如果两者在不同的发布，那么当前 commit，会出现在 Change log 的Reverts小标题下面。</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/yulijia/cn/commit/e36d3ee657107623ff3fffc4bf8aec4b26a9bac0" target="_blank" rel="external">https://github.com/yulijia/cn/commit/e36d3ee657107623ff3fffc4bf8aec4b26a9bac0</a></p>
<h3 id="修改git-message默认编辑器"><a href="#修改git-message默认编辑器" class="headerlink" title="修改git message默认编辑器"></a>修改git message默认编辑器</h3><p>说了这么多写作规范，如果有个模板可以直接拷贝，是再好不过的。</p>
<p>使用模板之前，先对git message的默认编辑器做个修改，默认的是<code>nano</code>，但这个软件我不会用。</p>
<p>用下面的命令，可以把默认编辑器改成<code>vim</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">git config core.editor &quot;vim&quot;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="使用模板"><a href="#使用模板" class="headerlink" title="使用模板"></a>使用模板</h3><p>我采用了<a href="https://gist.github.com/Linell/bd8100c4e04348c7966d" target="_blank" rel="external">Linell编写的模板</a></p>
<p>安装方式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Linell/bd8100c4e04348c7966d/raw/84c0ea6e0f0a1431d406be6b7bb6e136949090cd/.git-commit-template.txt &gt;&gt; ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div><div class="line">git config --global commit.template ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>另外，在这里也提供一个<a href="https://gist.github.com/yulijia/fe2522fe138b6ed41ff4" target="_blank" rel="external">中文的模板</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/yulijia/fe2522fe138b6ed41ff4/raw/5fa0007d1863f70cf4631f2dc1513c8676cd4ab8/.git-commit-template.txt &gt;&gt; ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div><div class="line">git config --global commit.template ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>实际使用截图如下：</p>
<p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/LMDCXdN.png" alt="Imgur"></p>
<h3 id="写博客的commit-message应该怎么写？"><a href="#写博客的commit-message应该怎么写？" class="headerlink" title="写博客的commit message应该怎么写？"></a>写博客的commit message应该怎么写？</h3><p><u>这部分就是自娱自乐了</u>。查看了一下自己写博客提交的message，基本分为四类：1.提交一篇/多篇新内容；2.改错别字；3.修改/更新内容；4.修改/更新YAML说明；5.增加新页面。</p>
<p>根据现有的git commit message写作规范，编写了自己的博客提交message规范。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;type&gt;(&lt;scope&gt;): &lt;subject&gt;</div><div class="line">// 空一行</div><div class="line">&lt;body&gt;</div><div class="line">// 空一行</div><div class="line">&lt;footer&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>type</strong>为：</p>
<ul>
<li>add 增加新博客/页面（add new post/page）</li>
<li>correct 改错别字/语法（correct spelling/grammar ）</li>
<li>update 更新内容（update content）</li>
<li>change 修改YAML说明（change YAML front-matter）</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>scope</strong>为：post/page, spelling/grammar, content, YAML front-matter</p>
<p><strong>subject</strong>为：短描述，可以包含文件名等内容(如果名字过长，用首字母大写代替，省略连词)。（<code>add(post):20160121-postname.md</code>)</p>
<p><strong>body</strong>为：具体的修改内容，如果是新增博客/页面，则可以省略。</p>
<p><strong>footer</strong>为：空</p>
<p>这个模板也放到<a href="https://gist.github.com/yulijia/fe2522fe138b6ed41ff4#file-git-commit-blog-txt" target="_blank" rel="external">gist</a>上。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/yulijia/fe2522fe138b6ed41ff4/raw/1e90ec272180dba299f5ad861e72dfab876c0c5b/.git-commit-blog.txt &gt;&gt; ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div><div class="line">git config --global commit.template ~/.git-commit-template.txt</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>实际使用时的截图如下</p>
<p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/rVEhe7Z.png" alt="Imgur"></p>

      
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